{"id":985,"date":"2020-01-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-07T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ambica.jebelacesta.si\/2020\/01\/08\/nestrokovno-in-politicno-motivirano-odlocanje-mnz-v-prosnjah-za-mednarodno-zascito-drzavljanov-eritreje\/"},"modified":"2020-01-08T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-01-07T23:00:00","slug":"nestrokovno-in-politicno-motivirano-odlocanje-mnz-v-prosnjah-za-mednarodno-zascito-drzavljanov-eritreje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/?p=985","title":{"rendered":"Nestrokovno in politi\u010dno motivirano odlo\u010danje MNZ v pro\u0161njah za mednarodno za\u0161\u010dito dr\u017eavljanov Eritreje"},"content":{"rendered":"

English below<\/em><\/p>\n

V Delovni skupini za azil \u017eelimo opozoriti na o\u010ditne anomalije v zvezi z nedavno podanimi odlo\u010ditvami o pro\u0161njah za mednarodno za\u0161\u010dito dr\u017eavljanov Eritreje. V tednu pred novim letom je Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve namre\u010d v primerih eritrejskih prosilcev podalo kar pet negativnih odlo\u010db in nobene pozitivne, kar ka\u017ee na velik obrat v politiki ministrstva do te skupine. \u0160e bolj kot sprememba politike pa je zaskrbljujo\u010da njena obrazlo\u017eitev \u2013 odlo\u010dbam namre\u010d manjka resna obravnava individualnih okoli\u0161\u010din prosilcev, utemeljene pa so na izjemno povr\u0161nih in pav\u0161alnih sklepanjih o situaciji v regiji, ki pogosto mejijo na absurd.<\/p>\n

Na tem mestu ne moremo povzeti vsega materiala o stanju \u010dlovekovih pravic v Eritreji, poudarimo pa lahko dejstvo, da v vseh aktualnih poro\u010dilih \u0161e vedno velja konsenz o izredno slabem stanju svobo\u0161\u010din in \u010dlovekovih pravic pod najhuj\u0161o afri\u0161ko diktaturo, zato se prosilce zavra\u010da zgolj v primerih, ko ne izkazujejo istovetnosti oz. prepri\u010dljivosti v tem, da dejansko prihajajo iz te regije. Temu konsenzu so sledile vse \u010dlanice EU, zato so Eritrejci tista skupina, ki se ji je z najve\u010djo gotovostjo priznavalo pravico do mednarodne za\u0161\u010dite – v tretjem \u010detrtletju 2019 se je priznal status mednarodne za\u0161\u010dite v kar 82 odstotkov vseh primerov \u0161irom EU (pogosteje se je priznalo status le venezuelskim in sirskim beguncem). Republika Slovenija je sledila evropskim smernicam in od leta 2016 redno priznavala status mednarodne za\u0161\u010dite prosilcem iz Eritreje, \u0161tevilne je \u0161e do nedavnega sprejemala tudi po programu relokacije.<\/p>\n

Zato je premik k trditvi, da je Eritreja varna za vra\u010danje, najmanj presenetljiva, \u0161e bolj pa je presenetljiva vsebina posameznih odlo\u010db. Po uvodni in zelo kratki obravnavi osebnega razgovora prosilca, se odlo\u010dba loti celokupnega demantiranja dosedanje politike do Eritreje. To pri\u010dne s kontemplacijo o vpra\u0161anju, koliko lahko zares verjamemo poro\u010dilom iz Eritreje: \u201cPristojni organ je tako ugotovil, da je Eritreja z vidika virov o stanju v dr\u017eavi zelo velik izziv. Zelo malo je namre\u010d zanesljivih primarnih virov in preverljivih informacij\u2026\u201d<\/em> Informacije o dr\u017eavi naj bi zaradi nedostopnosti, prepovedi novinarskega dela in dostopa mednarodnih organizacij, tako MNZ, preve\u010dkrat izhajale iz pri\u010devanj beguncev, ki pa naj bi imeli pri formiranju teh pri\u010devanj \u201clastne interese\u201d. Po tem klju\u010du MNZ podvomi v zanesljivost poro\u010dil komisije Zdru\u017eenih narodov o \u010dlovekovih pravicah, kot tudi v poro\u010dila Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch in novinarskih hi\u0161. \u201cPristojni organ se bo glede na pomisleke v zvezi z vsemi obstoje\u010dimi viri osredoto\u010dil predvsem na informacije, ki so dosledno in usklajeno predstavljene v razli\u010dnih neodvisno objavljenih publikacijah.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010ceprav MNZ nadaljuje svojo obrazlo\u017eitev s povsem selektivnim navajanjem teh istih poro\u010dil, v odlo\u010dbi ne more zanikati, da v Eritreji \u0161e vedno velja nedolo\u010den rok voja\u0161kega slu\u017eenja, da tudi civilno slu\u017eenje pomeni obliko prisilnega dela in da je za dezerterje predvidena dolga kazen v izjemno slabih zaporni\u0161kih razmerah, vendar iz \u010dasovno in vsebinsko neusklajenih poro\u010dil sestavi sklep, \u201cda se razmere nekoliko spreminjajo\u201d<\/em>. Ta sklep utemeljuje skoraj izklju\u010dno z navajanjem izjem, v smislu: \u201c\u2026obstajajo tudi primeri, ki ka\u017eejo na spreminjanje norm\u201d<\/em>. Tako naj bi bili dezerterji, ki so pobegnili v tujino in se tam niso udele\u017eevali protire\u017eimakih dejavnosti, z uradnim opravi\u010dilom dr\u017eavi in pla\u010dilom davka po vrnitvi podvr\u017eeni zapornim kaznim do \u201cle nekaj mesecev ali let\u201d, saj da jih re\u017eim potrebuje za vojsko. Tako MNZ meni, da kazen ob vrnitvi ne bi bila nerazumno huda, slu\u017eenje vojski, \u010detudi do konca \u017eivlejnja, pa naj bi bila v Eritreji tako ali tako le oblika dr\u017eavnega zaposlovanja. Dezerterji, ki nasprotujejo tak\u0161nemu re\u017eimu nepla\u010danega prisilnega dela, naj torej ne bi bili politi\u010dni nasprotniki re\u017eima, ampak zgolj ekonomski migranti. To MNZ dokazuje tudi z ni\u010dkolikrat demantirano krilatico, \u201cda niso zaprosili za azil v Tur\u010diji ali Gr\u010diji\u201d \u2013 kot da bi ti dr\u017eavi imeli delujo\u010d azilni sistem.<\/p>\n

V odlo\u010dbah pa \u0161e najbolj bodejo v o\u010di argumenti, na podlagi katerih se prosilcem zavrne tudi mo\u017enost subsidiarne za\u0161\u010dite: \u201c\u2026pristojni organ ugotavlja, da splo\u0161no stanje v dr\u017eavi in v zaporih sicer lahko pomeni nehumano in poni\u017eevalno ravnanje, vendar pa le-to ni posledica namernega ravnanja dr\u017eave ali organov dr\u017eave in ni povzro\u010deno prosilcu namerno, zato ne zadostuje za priznanje subsidiarne za\u0161\u010dite\u201d<\/em>. MNZ torej kljub subjektivnemu navajanju in interpretaciji virov ne uspe izpodbiti dejstva, da dezerterje ob vrnitvi z veliko verjetnostjo \u010daka nehumano ravnanje, vendar ne v pravni obliki, ki bi utemeljevala za\u0161\u010dito ali prepre\u010devala vra\u010danje v izvorno dr\u017eavo.<\/p>\n

Ne le, da gre za izjemno neodgovorno in nestrokovno odlo\u010danje, kakr\u0161nega si dr\u017eava nikakor ne bi smela privo\u0161\u010diti, ampak tudi za odlo\u010danje, ki nasprotuje vsem evropskim praksam. Prisilne vrnitve v Eritrejo so takoreko\u010d neobstoje\u010de in jih izvaja le Sudan. Evropa je izvedla zgolj eno deportacijo v Eritrejo (Francija v primeru nedokumentirane \u017eenske, ki vrnitvi ni nasprotovala), ZDA pa po napovedani vrnitivni 700 Eritrejcev leta 2017 niso pri\u0161le do dogovora z izvorno dr\u017eavo, a so kljub temu okoli 100 prosilcev predvidoma \u201codlo\u017eile\u201d v Egipt, od koder prihaja tudi poro\u010dilo o samomoru deportiranega Eritrejca.<\/p>\n

Upravi\u010deno si je torej zastaviti vpra\u0161anje, kaj namerava Slovenija storiti v primeru zavrnjenih prosilcev, za katere velja na\u010delo nevra\u010danja? Iz vsega navedenega lahko sklepamo, da ne gre za strokovne, pa\u010d pa politi\u010dne odlo\u010ditve, s katerimi \u017eeli MNZ spro\u017eiti u\u010dinek odvra\u010danja eritrejskih prosilcev za azil, na podoben na\u010din kot je to z neutemeljenimi odlo\u010dbami \u017ee neko\u010d storilo v primeru afganistanskih in tur\u0161kih prosilcev. Na ministrstvu se zagotovo zavedajo, da tak\u0161ne odlo\u010dbe ne morejo vzdr\u017eati sodne presoje in da tujcev v nobenem primeru ne bodo mogli vrniti v izvorno dr\u017eavo, a je namen odlo\u010dbe vseeno dose\u017een. Negativna odlo\u010dba ima namre\u010d v prvi vrsti psiholo\u0161ki u\u010dinek, saj celotnemu eritrejskemu prebivalstvu sporo\u010di, da je pro\u0161nja v Sloveniji izguba \u010dasa, to pa praviloma spro\u017ei skupinski odhod prosilcev v druge dr\u017eave. Le-ti se pa\u010d dobro zavedajo, da enaka odlo\u010dba \u010daka tudi njih in da bodo tudi v primeru prito\u017ebe obsojeni na ve\u010dletno \u010dakanje, preden bodo dobili dokon\u010den odgovor.<\/p>\n

Tak\u0161ne taktike \u201c\u010di\u0161\u010denja azilnega doma\u201d s strani MNZ so po na\u0161em mnenju povsem nesprejemljive in terjajo resno preizpra\u0161evanje. Samovoljno, nestrokovno in politi\u010dno motivirano odlo\u010danje MNZ bo \u0161tevilne mlade begunce iz Eritreje stalo leta \u017eivljenja, hkrati pa tak\u0161no ravnanje ka\u017ee na popolno degradacijo pristojnih institucij. Vlado RS in pristojne organe zato pozivamo, naj opravijo revizijo nestrokovnih odlo\u010db in oblikujejo politiko do Eritreje, ki bo skladna z mednarodnimi standardi \u010dlovekovih pravic.<\/p>\n

Unprofessional and politically motivated decesion-making of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia in asylum applications of Eritrean citizens<\/h1>\n

In the Working group for Asylum we wish to point out the apparent anomalies concerning recently issued decisions on asylum applications of citizens of the State of Eritrea. In the week before New Year’s the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia issued a total of five negative decisions, which suggests a noticable turn in the politics of the Ministry in regards to this group of refugees. But even more alarming than this apparent change in politics is the manner in which the rejections of the asylum claims are justified \u2013 namely, issued negative decisions lack any serious examination of the individual circumstances of asylum seekers in question, and are justified on exceptionally superficial and generalized conclusions about the situation in the region which often verge the absurd.<\/p>\n

In this statement we cannot summarize all the information on human rights violations in the State of Eritrea. Nevertheless, we can state that all recent reports consensually accuse Eritrea of being one of the most inhumane dictatorships on the African continent. Thus, Eritrean asylum seekers have been rejected only in cases when they weren’t able to prove their identity or certainty of their origin in the region. All EU member states respect this consensus, therefore Eritrean citizens have been the group with the highest percentage of positive asylum decisions: in the third quarter of the year 2019 asylum was granted to 82 percent of Eritrean refugees all over the EU (a higher percentage of successful applications can be claimed only by Venezuelan and Syrian refugees). The Republic of Slovenia has followed European guidelines and has since 2016 granted asylum to Eritrean citizens, until recently even accepting a number of asylum applications from Eritrea through the EU Relocation Programme.<\/p>\n

A shift towards the claim that Eritrea should be regarded as a safe country for returning asylum seekers is thus suprising. But even more suprising is the content of the decisions issued by the Ministry of the Interior. Following an introductory and very brief description of the personal interview with the asylum seeker, the issued decisions turn their focus to the wholesale rejection of the politics towards Eritrea valid up to this point. They begin with a contemplation on the question of how much we can even trust reports from Eritrea: \u201cThe Ministry has thus established that Eritrea presents a great challenge from the aspect of sources on the situation in the country. There is a lack of reliable primary sources and provable information …\u201d<\/em>. The Ministry of the Interior claims that \u2013 due to inaccessibility, prohibition of journalism and access of international organizations – the source of information are too often testimonies of refugees, who have their \u201cown interests\u201d in formulating these testimonies. Following this logic the Ministry of the Interior expresses doubt in the reliability of reports issued by UN Commission on Human Rights as well as in the reports of Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and various journalists. \u201cIn regards to second thoughts about all existing sources, the Ministry will focus predominantly on information that is presented in a consistent and aligned manner in various independently published publications.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Although the Ministry continues its explanation by selectively referencing many of these same reports, it cannot deny in its decisions that unlimited military service is still in force in Eritrea, that civilian service is also a form of forced labor, and that deserters are subjected to long sentences in extremely bad prison conditions. But nevertheless, taking from different reports, inconsistent in reference to date and content, the Ministry concludes that \u201cthe conditions are somewhat changing\u201d<\/em>. This conclusion is argued almost exclusively through exceptions, as for example: \u201c… there are also cases that suggest the changing of norms\u201d<\/em>. Such is the supposedly changing situation of deserters, who escaped abroad and did not take part in anti-regime activities there. There are account in which these deserters were able to minimize jail sentences to only a few months or years by issuing an official apology and paying due taxes, as the regime needs them for their understaffed army. Thus, the Ministry assumes, that the jail sentence after their return might not be unreasonably severe and that serving in the army, although for life, is only a form of public employment in Eritrea. Deserters opposing this regime of unpaid forced labor are thus not political opponents of the regime but merely economic migrants. As proof of this claim the Ministry also makes use of the debunked claim that \u201cthey haven’t applied for asylum in Turkey and Greece\u201d- as if these two states had a viable asylum system.<\/p>\n

The most concerning parts of the decisions however are the arguments which justify even the rejection of the possibility of subsidiary protection: \u201c… The Ministry has established that the general conditions in the country and in its prisons can present inhumane and degrading treatment, but as this is not a consequence of the intentional mistreatment of the state or of state organs and it is not induced intentionally, it does not present the fulfillment of the conditions to grant subsidiary protection\u201d<\/em>. The Ministry thus, despite selective referencing of reports and subjective interpretations of sources, does not succeed in rebutting the fact that returned deserters will in all probability be faced with inhumane treatment, but that this treatment does not present a legal reason for granting protection or preventing their return to the country of origin.<\/p>\n

All of these statements demonstrate not only exceptionally irresponsible decision-making, but also decision-making that goes against all existing European practices. Forced returns of Eritrean citizens are almost nonexistent, with Sudan being the only state carrying them out. The EU has carried out only one deportation to Eritrea (France returned an undocumented women who hadn’t opposed the return), while the USA announced a return of 700 Eritrean citizens in 2017 but didn’t reach an agreement with the country of origin. The situation ended with the USA supposedly \u201cdropping off\u201d around 100 persons in Egypt, from where a report on the suicide of a deported Eritrean comes from.<\/p>\n

It is thus legitimate to pose the question, what the Republic of Slovenia plans to do in the cases of rejected asylum seekers, for which the principle of non-refoulement is otherwise regularly applied? From the aforementioned statements we can conclude that the Ministry of the Interior is making a political and not professional decision, with the explicit intention of triggering a deterring effect for Eritrean asylum seekers \u2013 a practice already established in the past with unfounded decisions issued to Afghan and Turkish asylum seekers. Employees of the Ministry are namely aware that such decisions can never sustain legal scrutiny and that the state will not be able to return these particular non-citizens to their country of origin, but that the decisions will nevertheless reach their objective. Negative decisions have primarily a psychological effect, as they inform the overall Eritrean population that their asylum applications in Slovenia are a waste of time. As a rule this information triggers a collective departure of asylum seekers to other countries. These persons became quickly aware that the same negative decision awaits them as well and that they will be sentenced to several years of waiting for final response even if they appeal to the court.<\/p>\n

These tactics of \u201casylum home cleaning\u201d used by the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia are entirely unacceptable and demand serious questioning. The arbitrary, unprofessional and politically motivated decision-making of the Ministry of the Interior will cost numerous young refugees from Eritrea years of their life. At the same time, such treatment demonstrates a serious degradation of the responsible institutions. Therefore, we call upon the Slovene government and public authorities to carry out a reexamination of these unprofessional decisions, and to formulate a politics towards Eritrea that will be in accordance with international standards of human rights.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

English below V Delovni skupini za azil \u017eelimo opozoriti na o\u010ditne anomalije v zvezi z nedavno podanimi odlo\u010ditvami o pro\u0161njah za mednarodno za\u0161\u010dito dr\u017eavljanov Eritreje. […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":984,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-delovna-skupina-za-azil"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ambasada-rog.demo.wasd.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}